Risk Factors and the Epidemiological Profile of Superficial Fungal Infections in Patients of Waghodia Taluka of Vadodara District, India

Abstract

Background: Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea ; is one of the most common superficial fungal infections present in tropical countries. Due to changes in lifestyle and risk factors, epidemiology is changing even in rural India. Methodology: This observational study was conducted to examine risk factors, epidemiology and clinical profile of dermatophytic superficial fungal infections in patients of rural area.100 symptomatic patients who attended teaching hospital’s OPD and were from villages of Whagodia taluka which is situated at Vadodara District, Gujarat, India, were selected. This was hospital based study coupled with community visits. Results: Of 100 patients, 69 were male and 31 were female.12% were pediatric patients,71% were between 19- 45 years,11% were 46-60 years and 6 were of geriatric age group ( above 60 years). 46% patients had positive family history while 37% gave history of fomite sharing having statistical significant association between these two.65% gave history of use of Over The Counter (OTC) preparations. Patients who used OTC drugs, uneducated patients, farmers as well as laborers appeared late with the disease and had longer duration of fungal infections.84% patients had crural folds, 57% buttocks, 31% trunk, 15% had extremities while 13% had face involvement. Pediatric patients had more involvement of exposed body parts while young and middle-aged had involvement of unexposed areas of the body which was due to tight clothings. 34% patients had involvement of 1 site, 41% had involvement of 2 sites while 25% had involvement of 3 or more sites. Conclusion: Age, gender, occupation, tight clothing, lack of education, fomite sharing, use of over the counter drugs were the risk factors responsible for dermatophytic infections. Family history and history of fomite sharing is useful markers. Prevention of indiscriminate use of OTC drugs as well as education in hygiene is a need for deterrence.