Comparison of Fetal Ultrasonographic Parameters Including Colour Doppler in Normal and High Risk Pregnancies

Abstract

INTRODUCTION : We are clinicians foetal and maternal mobidity is extreme concern for Indian population. Ultrasonography and Doppler contributes to significantly specific & non specific problems which may be of high risk . Ultrasonography also helps in assessing the foetal growth in-utero by measuring different foetal parameters and also predicts the fetal outcome of pregnancy. Ultrasonography can also evaluate specific placental conditions as abnormal placentation like placenta previa, placenta accreta etc. Doppler Ultrasonography enables a better understanding of the hemodynamic changes in fetal, maternal, and placental circulation and is the ideal clinical tool for fetomaternal surveillance in high risk pregnancies. It can be credited with causing a significant decrease in perinatal mortality and morbidity. The assessment of the umbilical blood flow by Doppler ultrasonography provides information on blood perfusion of the feto-placental unit. Abnormal uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow adversely affect intrauterine growth and increase the risk for brain injury. Hence Doppler ultrasonography has become an important method for screening and detection of significant intrauterine growth retardation and hence foetal outcome of pregnancy. Hence this study has been undertaken. METHOD A total number of 100 patients from January 2016 to June 2017 were taken at Dhiraj hospital , piparia – Vadodara Gujarat . All patients had ultrasound as well as foetal Doppler. Further a comparison was done between all the parameters of ultrasonography as in BPD (biparietal diameter), FL (femur length ), AC ( abdominal 12 circumference) and HC ( head circumference ) . Where as from Doppler S/D ratio was taken as a parameter . All patients baby weight, liquor status and there perinatal outcome was seen along with NICU admission. They all were correlated accordingly . RESULT There were two groups one study group of 50 patients including 24 patients suffering PIH , 16 with IUGR and 10 with PIH with IUGR. Patients with PIH with IUGR and IUGR were at greater risk and had bad outcome as compared to PIH group . control group had no bad out come . early way to predict was with Doppler with better results . CONCLUSION Present study has been conclusive enough in detecting the positive effect on the fetal morbidity and mortality with help of Doppler in high risk pregnancies.