A Cross Sectional Study of Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Enteric Fever

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica, including S. enteric serotype typhi and serotype paratyphi. Enteric fever, being transmissible by faeco-oral route, is primarily a disease of regions where overcrowding, poor sanitation and untreated water. AIM: To Assess The Current Pattern Of Clinical Presentation, Biochemical Findings And Complications Of Typhoid Fever. METHODS: This study was carried out in Dhiraj Hospital affiliated with SBKS MIRC after IEC approval, 50 patients of clinical and biochemical profileof enteric fever were enrolled after obtained informed consent. Detailed history and clinical examination done in all patients. Serum widal level was done of all the patient at the time of admission. Result 50 adult patients diagnosed as having enteric fever were enrolled in the study. Analysis of demographic profile, the mean age of the study group was 34, patient range from 18 year to 65 year. Almost two third patients 35(70%) were male. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Classical pattern of enteric fever is stepladder type which was seen in 64% of study population. Other patterns observed are intermittent and continuous type. G.I. Tract is the most common involved system symptoms are vomiting, abdominal pain , diarrhoea ,and constipation. Most common biochemical abnormalities found were thrombocytopenia(40%) and hyperbillirubinemia (32%) On subanalysis, 38 patients with 1:320 ratio of widal titre 17(45%) patients was admitted to hospital, 1:180 ratio of widal titre in total 12 patients and out of them 7(58%) admitted and treatment xii given, p value of admitted study population with widal titre ratio is 0.411, which is not significant so study population of admission is not correlated. No severe complication or mortality was noted in this study. CONCLUSION: Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in this region of India. For the prevention of disease in developing countries like India public education measures should be to encouraged regarding sanitation and hygiene. In the diagnosis of typhoid fever though none of the clinical symptoms and sign have very high accuracy, diagnostic criteria’s may be helpful when combined with high index of suspicion and relevant laboratory investigation.